Which term accurately describes data that remains constant in a formula?

The term that accurately describes data that remains constant in a formula is "static." Static data refers to values in a spreadsheet that do not change or update automatically when other related data or inputs are modified. In a formula, static values are directly entered and do not depend on other cells for their values.

For example, if you enter a fixed number like 5 into a formula, that number will always be 5 unless manually changed. This is in contrast to dynamic data, which can change based on the values surrounding it or other calculations. The reference option could imply a cell reference that can change when manipulated, and calculated typically refers to results produced by formulas rather than static values. Hence, "static" is the most appropriate term for data that remains unchanged within a formula.